Cells are open systems that exchange matter and energy with their surroundings. Which of the following best explains why plant c
ells require sunlight to make organic compounds, according to Gibbs’s theory of free energy? The energy input required for making organic compounds equals the usable energy output of respiration. The energy required from sunlight to start photosynthesis is less than the energy needed from another energy source. The energy required to make organic compounds is always greater than the potential energy stored in these compounds. The energy that a plant absorbs from sunlight is spontaneously transformed into chemical energy because the outputs are more stable.
The energy input required for making organic compounds equals the usable energy output of respiration.
Explanation:
A reaction is endergonic (energy-consuming) process if the change in free energy is positive.
A positive change in free energy implies that energy is required to enter into the system. Let us recall that free energy is a state function. Hence, change free energy =free energy of products - free energy of reactants.
If free energy of products > free energy of reactants then the reaction is an endergonic (energy-consuming) process..
But The energy input required for making organic compounds equals the usable energy output of respiration, hence making the process spontaneous.
Scientists have discovered the specific mutation that famously turned moths black during the Industrial Revolution. In an iconic evolutionary case study, a black form of the peppered moth rapidly took over in industrial parts of the UK during the 1800s, as soot blackened the tree trunks and walls of its habitat
Enzymes are biological molecules (typically proteins) that significantly speed up the rate of virtually all of the chemical reactions that take place within cells.
Facilitated diffusion require no energy and travels down the gradient of concentration. On the other hand, active transport takes energy and travels up the gradient of concentration.
Columnar epithelial cells are elongated and column-shaped and have a height of at least four times their width. Their nuclei are elongated and are usually located near the base of the cells. Columnar epithelium forms the lining of the stomach and intestines
