- Biology Definition: Respiration is a chemical reaction that happens in all living cells. (Both plant cells and animal cells). Respiration is the way that energy is released from glucose so that all the other chemical processes needed for life can happen.
- Normal definition: The action of breathing, also called ventilation.
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Mutations present permanent and heritable changes in the genome. We distinguish gene and chromosome mutations. Mutations in the level of genes are called point mutations because only one to several nucleotides are changed. These processes are known as deletion, insertion, and substitution. Deletion presents a loss of nucleotides which changes DNA sequence. When new nucleotides are embedded in the DNA chain, it is known as insertion. Substitution implies the process where new nucleotides are inserted while the ones that were present in that specific spot in a DNA molecule are deleted.
Mutations can also appear in chromosomes altering their number and structure. There are four types of mutations - deletion, duplication, inversion, and translocation. In deletion, a whole or one part of a chromosome is lost. Duplication presents an extra copy of a whole or one part of a chromosome. In an inversion, parts of a chromosome change order, while in translocation a part of one chromosome detaches and then connects to another.
hope this helps
Phenotype: Ww, ww
Genotype Ratio: 2/4, 50/50 or half and half
I think sister groups. Imagine them having the same parents.
