The first one,
Readers can use them to identify main ideas at a glance.
It is ironic that Confucius's son died an early death. We can infer that the death of Confucius' son, Carp is ironic, he suffered an early death when the symbolism of the carp fish is longevity, because carps can get very old, it also represents the dragons due to big scales on the body of a carp. According to the meaning of the carp Confucius' son, Carp, should have a long live which did not happen.
The author treats the dog as if he is another person.
The answer is B
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