Answer:
incomplete dominance
Explanation:
This is because incomplete dorminance is a type of inheritance pattern in which a dorminant allele does not completely masked the effect of recessive allele. The recessive allele is expressed little and the dorminant. Example is the nose size. The allele for big nose and recessive allele for small nose are not completely dorminant.
1. Non random mating
In genetic equilibrium individuals must mate at random. However, in many species, individuals select mates based on heritable traits, such as size, strength, or coloration, a practice known as sexual selection.
2. Small population size
Genetic drift does not have major effects on large populations but can affect small populations. Thus evolutionary change due to genetic drift happens more easily in small populations.
<span>3. Immigration or Emigration
Individuals who join a populations may introduce new alleles into the gene pool. Likewise individuals who leave may remove alleles from the gene pool. Any movement of individuals into (immigration) or out of (emigration) a population can disrupt genetic equilibrium, a process know as gene flow.
4. Mutations
Individuals who join a populations may introduce new alleles into the gene pool. Likewise individuals who leave may remove alleles from the gene pool. Any movement of individuals into (immigration) or out of (emigration) a population can disrupt genetic equilibrium, a process know as gene flow.
5. Natural Selection
if different genotypes have different fitness, genetic equilibrium will be disrupted, and evolution will occur.</span>
B. Phylogeny. Phylogeny has a similar meaning to evolutionary being a synonym<span />
Answer:
Air pollution harms human health and the environment. In Europe, emissions of many air pollutants have decreased substantially over the past decades, resulting in improved air quality across the region. However, air pollutant concentrations are still too high, and air quality problems persist. A significant proportion of Europe’s population live in areas, especially cities, where exceedances of air quality standards occur: ozone, nitrogen dioxide and particulate matter (PM) pollution pose serious health risks. Several countries have exceeded one or more of their 2010 emission limits for four important air pollutants. Reducing air pollution therefore remains important.
Air pollution is a local, pan-European and hemispheric issue. Air pollutants released in one country may be transported in the atmosphere, contributing to or resulting in poor air quality elsewhere.
Particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone, are now generally recognised as the three pollutants that most significantly affect human health. Long-term and peak exposures to these pollutants range in severity of impact, from impairing the respiratory system to premature death. Around 90 % of city dwellers in Europe are exposed to pollutants at concentrations higher than the air quality levels deemed harmful to health. For example, fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in air has been estimated to reduce life expectancy in the EU by more than eight months. Benzo(a)pyrene is a carcinogenic pollutant of increasing concern, with concentrations being above the threshold set to protect human health in several urban areas, especially in central and eastern Europe.
"Air pollution is causing damage to human health and ecosystems. Large parts of the population do not live in a healthy environment, according to current standards. To get on to a sustainable path, Europe will have to be ambitious and go beyond current legislation."
Explanation:
The question is incomplete. However, if we consider this cell as human cell - the cell contain 23 pairs of chromosomes.
Answer:
Chromosomes consists of the constricted DNA associated with the proteins. Different species has different chromosome number. Two main types of chromosomes are heterochromatin and euchromatin.
The human cells contain the 23 pairs of chromosomes or 46 chromosome. If the cell divides by the process of mitosis than the chromosome number will be same in parent as well as the daughter cell. The daughter cell 23 pairs of chromosomes. If the cell divides by the process of mitosis the cell has 23 chromosome number as the meiosis reduces the chromosome number upto half.
