The Catholic Church, the most hierarchical of all Christian traditions, maintains a complex system of clergy and laity. Deacons, priests, and bishops comprise the ordained clergy, who are members of the diaconate, the presbyterate, and the episcopate. Among the hierarchy of bishops, there are metropolitans, archbishops, patriarchs, and the pope, who is the bishop of Rome. Cardinals are nearly always bishops, but that was not always the case. Some cardinals in the past were nonordained prelates. Unless they originally received Holy Orders to the diaconate, they were not part of the clergy and could not administer the sacraments of the church. Among those typically nonordained and considered to be part of the laity are nuns, friars, and religious brothers and sisters. As part of the reforms handed down by the Second Vatican Council (1963 to 1965), the laity has took a more active role in church activities and worship services (Mass). Before being ordained a priest, canon law currently requires education of two years of scholastic philosophy and four years of theology. Dogmatic and moral theology, the Holy Scriptures, and canon law must be studied at a seminary. As more stringent adherence to Catholic doctrine began to be required, the once-sanctioned, peculiar practices within monasteries and convents became limited. In contrast to others in the liturgical family, the Catholic clergy are not allowed to marry.
Answer:
Mesopotamia
Explanation:
it was located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers
The Article II of the Articles of Confederation reflect the principles of limited government and popular sovereignty understood in the following way:
- The principle of limited government refers to a government in which decisions are made with the consent of the the state and its people, and not only by the national government. Moreover, the Constitution also limits government power by creating a system of <u>checks and balances</u> (so that each branch can control each other’s power) through the <u>separation of three equal powers in branches</u> (legislative, executive and judicial).
- On the other hand, people sovereignty basically refers to the right people have to govern themselves, meaning that they are the source of all governmental power and that government requires the consent of the governed when making decisions.
<span>Rome managed to unite most of the modern nation of Italy by 265BCE. Rome would next turn its attention to a rival in North Africa and go on to create a world empire.</span>
