The Reconstruction era redefined U.S. citizenship and expanded the franchise, changed the relationship between the federal government and the governments of the states, and highlighted the differences between political and economic democracy.
They are elements of rule of law
The 3/5 compromise. Every one slave was worth 3/5 of a white man. So, two slaves would be equal to 1 1/5 white men.
He put pressure on them by building a military that they could not keep up with.