Typically in the introduction paragraph, the first sentence in the essay is the topic sentence.
A theme can be inferred if it is a recurring element in a story that is being narrated.
For example, if a text talks constantly about getting revenge, there is a very good chance that this is the theme or one of the themes of the text and this would help advance the plot.
<h3>What is a Theme?</h3>
This refers to the central message of a text that an author wants to convey to his readers.
Hence, we can see that your question is incomplete because you did not include the text, so a general overview was given to help you better understand the concept.
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Excerpts 1 and 2 are expository texts.
Expository texts contain a main idea with supporting details and evidence. They should have a conclusion as well. Excerpt 1 informs the audience about Mount St. Helen. Excerpt 2 explains how anxiety manifests and ways to reduce it. Excerpts 4 and 5 are stories. They do not make a claim and then back it up with supporting evidence. Instead, they describe characters, a setting, and events. Excerpt 3 is written in second person point of view and explains about visiting another country.