The nurse would correctly draw up 1.3 mL.
<h3>What is methylprednisolone?</h3>
Methylprednisolone is used to treat illnesses of the skin, kidneys, lungs, eyes, blood, renal and intestinal abnormalities, severe allergic responses, arthritis, blood disorders, immune system issues, some malignancies, and eye ailments. It lessens the immune system's reactivity to certain illnesses in order to lessen symptoms including pain, swelling, and allergic-like responses. A corticosteroid hormone is included in this drug. In cases of hormone abnormalities, methylprednisolone may potentially be used with other drugs.
<h3>How is methylprednisolone administered?</h3>
Similar to prednisone, methylprednisolone can also be administered intravenously (IV) at greater dosages to treat severe inflammation. The use of IV methylprednisolone in illnesses like lupus that affects the kidneys or brain as well as some forms of vasculitis is an example.
<h3>Given: </h3>
Desired dose : 80 mg
Quantity on hand : 2 mL
Dose on hand : 120 g
Desired quantity = ?
<h3>Formula used : </h3>
<h3>Solution : </h3>
120 g / 2 mL = 80 g / Quantity desired
= > Quantity desired = 2 x 80 / 120 mL
= > Quantity desired = 1.33 mL ≈ 1.3mL
Therefore, quantity of methylprednisolone intravenously (IV) drawn by the nurse is 1.3 mL .
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Answer:
Given
Per Kg of body mass, there is 3 gram of potassium
And abundance of three isotopes are as follows
Potassium-39, Potassium-40, and Potassium-41. Have abundances respectively as 93.26%, 0.012% and 6.728%.
1) A body weighing 80 Kg will have 240 grams of potassium. And the amount of Potassium-40 will be 0.012% of 240 gram
= 240*0.012/100 = 0.0288 gram.
2) Dose in (Gy) = (energy absorbed)/(mass of the body) = ( 1.1*106*1.6*10-19)/(80) = 22*10-10 J/kg
Dose (in siverts) = RBE*Dose(in Gy) = 1.2*22*10-10 = 26.4*10-10
A Drug Trend report published in 2009 had predicted continued price increase among traditional branded and biotech drugs that lack generic competition. Now, further, CMS has reduced its Average Sales price (ASP) margin from 6 percent to 4 percent for non-pass-thorough. This has affected pharmacy reimbursement. However, there are certain other aspects of Pharmacy Billing that can affect reimbursement and thereby the Revenue Cycle Management (RCM) process if not well implemented.
1. Data Workflow:
Recognizing how the revenue cycle works in pharmacy is very essential. Procurement to Inventory, billing and reimbursement involves purchase of medications, their storage, and method of dispensing, how they are administered, way they are coded & billed, and finally reimbursed. If the drug is covered as a pharmacy benefit, or the payer needs that to be obtained via a specialty pharmacy as identified through patient-specific benefit verification, then here both the provider and the pharmacy are part of the reimbursement process. The physician writes a prescription and orders the drug. This is followed by the pharmacy that fills the order and issues the drug to the physician, CMHC, or hospital outpatient department. Here the pharmacy bills the insurance company for the drug. If any information is entered incorrectly into the pharmacy system in the initial phase of the cycle, errors can prove to be costly, impacting aspects of clinical and revenue cycle.
2. Procurement:
During this phase information is converted from purchased quantities and pricing to storage units of measure (UOM) and inventory costs. Manually entering the data is followed in most cases. UOM conversions, when data is uploaded from the wholesale distributor to the pharmacy system, are also checked and verified manually. Here too mistakes can lead to breakdown in the revenue cycle management (RCM) process.
3. The Charge master:
Critical & substantial revenue leakage can occur when separately reimbursable medications are either missing from or miscoded in the charge master. Conversion of pharmaceutical quantities is a must from purchased amounts to patient-administered amounts, and only then made billable. There is often a difference between dosage amounts required for patient use as from that purchased. Besides inventory, the clinician and pharmacist should convert dosage, strength, and delivery mechanism for each drug. Drug data must be correctly converted from the quantities residing in clinical systems into the payer-billable quantities appropriate for the financial system or charge master. The UOMs must be reconciled to avoid any under- or over-payments. More than often, missing or incorrect data in the charge master can result in negative financial consequences – denied claims, partial reimbursement, and compliance risks.
4. Linkages between Purchases & Billing:
Most hospitals have separate processes to order drugs, administer them, and process reimbursement. Without linkage between pharmacy expenditures for medications (i.e., spend data) and the charge master, ensuring proper charge capture and optimal reimbursement is a challenge. Besides hospitals should have automated tools to identify charge capture errors precisely, so as to pinpoint when and where their occurrence to decreasing revenue loss.
Noisy breathing is produced by enlarged adenoids.
The lymphoid adenoids are located in the upper airway between the back of the throat and the nose. They resemble tonsils in appearance. Adenoids that are enlarged indicate swelling tissue. The tonsils, esophagus, trachea, and epiglottis are among the components of the throat.
Snoring, mouth breathing, chronic congestion, nasal discharge, ear issues, sinusitis, and "nasal" voice quality can all be signs of an enlarged adenoid.
The rear of the mouth and on either side of the throat are home to the tiny, rounded tonsils. The adenoid is a mass of tissue that is situated above the roof of the mouth, behind the nasal cavity. Adenoids and tonsils combat infections and can expand if they do so.
A bacterial infection, such as one with the bacteria Streptococcus, may be the cause of adenoiditis. Adenovirus, rhinovirus, and Epstein-Barr virus are just a few of the viruses that might cause it.
Enlarged adenoid symptoms are:
- breathing through the nose is challenging.
- Poor breath and chapped lips as a result of mouth breathing.
- having a compressed or stuffed-nose sound.
- recurring nasal issues.
- Snoring.
- Obstructive sleep apnea or restless sleep.
- middle ear infections that recur or fluid buildup in children at school
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