Answer;
- phosphate group
- Ester functional group
- Alkene
- Alkane side chains.
Explanation;
Phospholipids are types of lipids that are major components of the cell membranes.
They consist both the hydrophillic (water loving) and hydrophobic (water hating) ends.
The major functional groups in a phospholipids are;
- the phosphate groups - PO4
- The Ester functional group- - COO-R
- Alkene side chain - -CH=CH-
- Alkane side chain - -CH-CH-
The experts calculate that between 0.01 and 0.1% of all species will become extinct each year. If the low estimate of the number of species out there is true - i.e. that there are around 2 million different species on our planet - then that means between 200 and 2,000 extinctions occur every year.
What is extinction?
- Extinction is the termination of a kind of organism or of a group of kinds (taxon), usually a species.
- The moment of extinction is generally considered to be the death of the last individual of the species, although the capacity to breed and recover may have been lost before this point. Because a species' potential range may be very large, determining this moment is difficult, and is usually done retrospectively. This difficulty leads to phenomena such as Lazarus taxa, where a species presumed extinct abruptly "reappears" (typically in the fossil record) after a period of apparent absence.
- More than 99% of all species that ever lived on Earth, amounting to over five billion species, are estimated to have died out.
- It is estimated that there are currently around 8.7 million species of eukaryote globally, and possibly many times more if microorganisms, like bacteria, are included. Notable extinct animal species include non-avian dinosaurs, saber-toothed cats, dodos, mammoths, ground sloths, thylacines, trilobites and golden toads.
- Through evolution, species arise through the process of speciation—where new varieties of organisms arise and thrive when they are able to find and exploit an ecological niche and species become extinct when they are no longer able to survive in changing conditions or against superior competition.
- The relationship between animals and their ecological niches has been firmly established.
- A typical species becomes extinct within 10 million years of its first appearance, although some species, called living fossils, survive with little to no morphological change for hundreds of millions of years.
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Photosythesis
CO2 + H2O + ( sunlight ) = glucose + O2
On the earth surface
Explanation:
The long-wavelength radiation is created on the earth surface when electromagnetic radiation is re-emitted.
- The sun releases radiation in form of short-wave.
- They are usually more energetic and with short wavelength and a high frequency.
- When they interact with materials on the earth, they are radiated back as long-wavelength radiation that usually causes heat.
- Ultraviolet rays and other high energy waves are emitted from the sun because it is a very hot body.
- When these radiations enters the earth, they are re-radiated back as long waves with lower energy.
- Earth is cooler than the sun
- When some of the short waves for example, the ultraviolet rays gets to the surface, it is absorbed and re-radiated back.
- When the short waves are absorbed, they lose some of their their energy to the earth surface.
- The remainder is radiated back as less energetic long waves.
- The hotter a body is, the more energetic the radiation it releases.
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Electromagnetic radiation brainly.com/question/6818046
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