12 inches Bc angle J is 42 degrees
The ratio is common, so you could write:
a1 * r^4 = a^5 (you do r^4 because there are 4 times you need to multiply by the ratio to get from a1 to a5)
Plug in the values:
3 * r^4 = 48
Divide by 3:
r^4 = 16
Take the fourth root of both sides:
r = 2
The common ratio is 2.
In cases like these, you simply have to multiply the choices you have for each step.
In fact, you can choose between 4 different crusts. For each of these crusts you can choose 4 different sauces. This means that there are
choices at this point. In fact, if we call the crust options 1,2,3,4 and the sauce options A,B,C,D, the 16 possible combinations are

From here, you keep going multiplying the number of options for each step, for a total of

graph c
because the graph x = -2 is a vertical line at -2 on the x axis