Shay's rebellion happened under the articles of confederation because the articles had no power over the states.Each state could create their own laws,tariff and currency. Since each state had different currency, paper money because close to worthless. The congress of the confederation were trying to raise money, and in turn would take property from people. Farmers such as Daniel shay who owned farms were losing their farms which soon led to the rebellion.
The North was able to replenish its military in the face of staggering loses on the battlefield by using the steady stream of new immigrants. The Irish would get recruited as soon as they got off the ship in New York.