It's number 4.
Marshall instituted the process of judicial review and, subsequently, positioned the judicial branch as equal to its partners in the American government: the legislative and executive branches.
Causes: According to Muslim sources, the Muslim soldiers attacked the native Jews who had barricaded themselves in forts. Muslim sources accuse Jews living in Khaybar of a plan to unite with other Jews from Banu Wadi Qurra, Taima', Fadak as well as Ghatafan Arab tribe to attack Madinah.
Events: The Muslims set out for Khaybar in March 628, Muharram AH 7. According to different sources, the strength of the Muslim army varied from 1,400 to 1,800 men and between 100 and 200 horses. Some Muslim women (including Umm Salama) also joined the army, in order to take care of the wounded. Compared to the Khaybarian fighting strength of 10,000, the Muslim contingent was small, but this provided an advantage, allowing them to swiftly and quietly march to Khaybar (in only three days), catching the city by surprise. It also made Khaybar overconfident. As a result, the Jews failed to mount a centrally organized defense, leaving each family to defend its own fortified redoubt. This underestimation of the Muslims allowed Muhammad to conquer each fortress one by one with relative ease, claiming food, weapons, and land as he went. Just a small summary, I would be here for hours writing about the whole thing:)
Answer:
poorer social classes i think
Explanation:
I believe the answer is: positive externality
Positive externality refers to The benefit that enjoyed by a third party when the first and second party are conducting a transaction.
When you receive a vaccines, you prevent yourself from becoming a host that could contaminate other people from getting the virus. In the example above, you and your children are the first and second party. And other children are the third party.
