<span>proton gradient</span> establishment
Chemiosmosis is the process that allows the diffusion of a
molecule or an atom through the membrane. Also, it is the movement of ions
across semipermeable membrane down their electrochemical gradients. In chloroplast,
chemiosmotic coupling is an important factor in ATP production through proton
gradient establishment.
The answer is A, Genetic diversity in the new insect population will be lower due to the founder effect
Consequently plant roots will get more moisture with less effort. It also improves soil structure due to alternate drying and cooling and soil aeration which helps in multiplication of micro-organisms. This is the reason that farmers plough their field during summer.
Hope this helps!
~ Kana ^^
Answer: Positive effects: Disease prevention, agriculture, transplants, pharmaceuticals
Negative: Herbicides, pesticides, mutations
Explanation: