luconeogenesis is a ubiquitous process, present in plants, animals, fungi, bacteria, and other microorganisms.[2] In vertebrates, gluconeogenesis takes place mainly in the liver and, to a lesser extent, in the cortex of the kidneys. In ruminants, this tends to be a continuous process.[3] In many other animals, the process occurs during periods of fasting, starvation, low-carbohydrate diets, or intense exercise. The process is highly endergonic until it is coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP or GTP, effectively making the process exergonic. For example, the pathway leading from pyruvate to glucose-6-phosphate requires 4 molecules of ATP and 2 molecules of GTP to proceed spontaneously. Gluconeogenesis is often associated with ketosis. Gluconeogenesis is also a target of therapy for type 2 diabetes, such as the antidiabetic drug, metformin, which inhibits glucose formation and stimulates glucose uptake by cells.[4] In ruminants, because dietary carbohydrates tend to be metabolized by rumen organisms, gluconeogenesis occurs regardless of fasting, low-carbohydrate diets, exercise, etc.[5]
Secondary structure of protein.
in seconday structure, the polypeptide chain is spirally arranged in linear form.
Teriary structure of protein
In tertiary structure the polypeptide chain is arranged in three dimension.
Quaternary structure of protein
In this structure more than one polypeptide chain are arranged in three dimension forming a globular shape.
Answer:
<h2>A. Chromosome</h2>
Explanation:
In intermediate phase of cell cycle, DNA replication occurs (in S-phase), so in inter phase, DNA become unfolded and in relaxed state and is available for replicating machinery.
When cell enter into prophase, DNA folds, coils and super coils and finally become in condensed form, which can be seen by microscope.
So this compact form of DNA is called as chromosome.
In humans. there are total 46 chromosomes.
I think the assessment finding helped to differentiate the diagnosis is Urine osmolarity
Polydipsia and polyuria are signs of diabetes insipidus. When a water deprivation test is performed, urine osmolarity is increased dramatically from 100 to 600 mOsm/kg in clients with central diabetes insipidus,
