Answer:
This introduced addressing towards racial discrimination endured by people of colour (african-americans were likely) who were recently emancipated from slavery. This amendment confirmed rights and privileges of citizenship and, for the first time, guaranteed all Americans equal protection under the laws.
The supporters of the use of the atomic bomb rejected the idea of dropping one on a deserted island because they did not want to waste one of the remaining bombs.
Even though the use of one of the atomic bombs on an uninhabited location was considered, it was turned down because of practical reasons. There were only two bombs available in August, 1945 and they worried that the demonstration bomb might turn out to be a dud.
They left the issue to be dealt with by the states
The short answer is: "to a great extent". The entire plan of the Federalists was to create a strong central government instead of having many autonomous states. Of course this occasionally went against national unity in the sense that some people were opposed to this plan, but in general they favored unity.
A. Militarism. is the answer.
