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Dovator [93]
3 years ago
13

What data can we collect on natural hazards?

Biology
1 answer:
Alika [10]3 years ago
5 0
Pre-Disaster Data Collection

Most of the essential demographic, building and infrastructure information has a spatial context and so this information is best collected by GIS/GPS support tools. Spatially-located information is also critical to plan for response to natural hazard events and for response training.
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What factor determines when an animal species will enter an ecosystem in succession? a. minerals b. food availability c. competi
Karolina [17]

The correct answer is (C) competition which determines the succession of an animal in the ecosystem.

<h3>What factors influence when an animal species enters a successional ecosystem?</h3>

Interaction and competition among species in a certain environment is a biotic element of ecological primary succession. When succession begins and the first species, known as pioneer species, alter the environmental structure, new species that are more tolerant of the new conditions move in.

These communities gradually replace one another until a "climax community"—such as a mature forest—is attained or a disturbance, such as a fire, occurs.

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How does the Marburg virus compare to the coronavirus?
ahrayia [7]

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The Marburg virus wasn't mutating this early on, therefore the Coronavirus is much more deadlier and almost impossible to get a cure for, due to the rapid change in pathogens!

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People once believed that all planets and stars orbited around
Alex_Xolod [135]

Answer: The Earth

This was believed to be true for hundreds of years....

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Your research paper should start with your claim. b) In paragraph form, give two examples of scientific information that support
lisabon 2012 [21]

Your research paper should start with your claim in paragraph form, and give two examples of scientific information that support each part of your claim.

<h3>What do you mean by Research paper?</h3>

A research paper may be defined as a composition in which you illustrate what you have comprehended after investigating your chosen topic in depth.

Any research paper consists of an abstract, the methodology, observations, conclusions, and at last reference.

If your research paper supports the claim, then it will be formatted the claims in paragraph form, with two examples of scientific information that support each part of your claim.

Therefore, it is well described above.

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5 0
2 years ago
HELP!! DUE TODAY
goldenfox [79]

Answer:

In the past decade, genetic testing aimed at identifying ancestry has experienced exponential growth, with nearly 26 million tests sold since 2018 (6). Companies – such as 23andMe – offer kits to trace your genetic legacy and geographical origins using Y-chromosome, mitochondrial, and whole-genome markers (1). Genetic ancestry testing holds the potential to identify the geographic origins of an individual’s ancestors, ancestral lineages, and relatives, but does not define a deterministic cultural identity.

DNA located in the mitochondrion, mtDNA, is inherited maternally in both sexes and can thus provide evidence of an direct, unbroken female lineage (10). The mtDNA typically passes unchanged from mother to offspring, except in the rare case of a mutation. By comparing full mtDNA sequence or assaying for particular haplogroups, it is possible to establish both close ancestry and rough global origins, respectively (4). Regardless, two individuals, even with an exact mtDNA match, may have had an ancestor as far back as ten or sixteen generations (9). Consumers should thus be warned against over-interpreting mtDNA results since they unravel a single thread in an individual’s genetic ancestry. A distinct benefit of mtDNA tests is the ability to distinguish maternal lineage in recorded genealogical data in which females adopt the male surname (10).

Contrary to mtDNA, Y-chromosome DNA is inherited paternally, passed down from father to son. Ancestry tests analyze locations along the Y chromosome, cataloging mutations known as single nucleotide polymorphisms and repeating patterns known as short tandem repeats (8). Test results can determine if two male members of separate families with the same surname have a close genetic relationship (10). In addition, a multitude of haplogroups, representing branching in the Y-chromosome tree, can be used to examine the presence of a common ancestor thousands of years back, contributing another thread to the central question of genetic ancestry (8,7).

A more comprehensive basis of determining ancestry relies on the presence of millions of autosomal variants, such as single nucleotide variants (SNVs), across the genome (10,3,7). An individual’s unique pattern of SNVs is compared with various reference populations and other consumers in order to infer their ancestry (10). Companies such as 23andMe provide a readout of broad ancestry and specific subgroups. Ancestral populations such as European and Western Asian are often further broken down into subpopulations (e.g. British, Greek, Iran). The accuracy of more specific statistical inferences is often variable, with companies examining different SNVs reporting inconsistencies in percentages for the same individual (3). In addition, since many reference populations do not account for migration and interbreeding thousands of years back, an ethnicity estimate with a high degree of confidence could still differ drastically from an individual’s expectations (10). Statistical inferences have diminished accuracy in regions such as East Africa and South Asia with comparatively limited data relative to well studied European populations, leading to further possible inconsistencies (7).

While the commercialization of genetic-ancestry tests has resulted in improved accuracy and innovation, the hyper-aggressive marketing of such products risks misinforming consumers, particularly in regards to cultural heritage. Consider, for example, an advertisement by the company Ancestry where a woman finds “[her] strength” after realizing she shares maternal lineage to a matriarchal people in Ghana (11). The pervasive marketing has even infiltrated music: In 2018, Spotify and Ancestry partnered to suggest playlists and artists based on test results, blatantly equating DNA and cultural heritage (2). While such marketing efforts are externally harmless, they carry a hidden message that DNA plays a meaningful role in our cultural identity. Most consumers are ill-informed in the field of genomic science, and may assume that their test results are deterministic and connote a contribution to heritage.

Genetic-ancestry tests may also perpetuate the idea of innate racial differences and entangle race with culture. A randomized trial reported that White Americans with lower genetic literacy had increased essentialist views after receiving test results (6). Those of Hispanic heritage share cultural aspects such as language, but may differ in genetic test results due to post-colonial admixture of Native, European, and African populations (5). Does a test result of 90% European heritage indicate “more” Hispanic heritage than 80% African? Such conclusions are entirely inaccurate and dangerous, but plausible given the genetic literacy of the typical consumer.

Explanation:

8 0
3 years ago
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