Answer: This is a " WORD-FOR-WORD PLAGIARISM".
Explanation: Word-for-word plagiarism is a type of plagiarism were someone copies another person's work word-for-word, without acknowledging the source it is been copied from.
The student has copied the original source word-for-word without acknowledging the source. The word been copied is "where variables are measured separately and then a mathematical model is chosen to portray the relationship among the variables". Which is the same in both version.
Though the student has used it in a different form to describe and define a different context from the main source. It is still plagiarism, because the student has copied it from the main source without acknowledgement
Through donation.
Definition:
Foreign aid. Foreign aid is money, materials, and services given or loaned by governments, organizations, and individuals in rich countries to help people in poor countries.
"To proclaim to the defenders of the Alamo that no quarter would be given. "
The best explanation for this behavior is that Julia "has different norms for eye contact."
Eye contact may convey altogether different things to individuals of different cultures. Eye contact might be a standout amongst the most inconspicuous types of social association, yet it ought to never be underestimated. It is so quietly instilled into each culture that it is something which is once in a while even considered before voyaging abroad.