Discrimination refers to purposely creating an unfair treatments or negative outcome for a certain individual solely because of that person's race. (example: not hiring you because you are minorities)
Differentiation on the other hand creating an unfair treatment but because we really need it (for example, not hiring someone who is hispanic because we need someone who could help mediate the company in chinese market)
After the Revolution, the new United States faced a competitive disadvantage in that the status of industry nationally was relatively weak as compared to European industrial powers.
As a result, Alexander Hamilton wanted high tariffs as a painful jump start of an industrial boom in the United States. The thinking was that if tariffs were high, US citizens would respond by making a similar product in the US.
