One...... I know is D
Two...... is B
The author is trying to get a nervous or scared feeling
The Romantic period (1830 to 1870)
Realism and Naturalism (1870 to 1910)
The Modernist period (1910 to 1945)
The Contemporary period (1945 to present)
A past participle represents a verb that has been completed but is mentioned in the present voice. Because the representatives are being spoken about in the active voice, but the meetings have already happened, a past participle is used. The past tense of 'to hold' is 'held', but adding the 'have' in front of 'held' turns it into a past participle.
"Hold" is present tense
"Holding" is present participle