The correct answer is C. The closing of the western frontier.
In his 1893 published paper, The Significance of the Frontier in American History, Turner stated that while it was technically true that the frontier was closed, it was the frontier life that shaped the success of the United States. His idea, which was summarized in his frontier thesis, traced the development of the United States using the settlement of the West as a measure. He argued that early settlers were essentially Europeans; they had European values and European character, but because of the frontier experience, they had to adapt, resulting in their placing a greater value on things like ingenuity, democracy and individualism. Furthermore, it was these experiences of living out in the frontier that led to settlers becoming distrustful of authority, less artistic, and more violent.
Coal....in germany and france
Vertical integration when its suppliers have a lot of market power and can dictate terms. ... Third, vertical integration gives a company economies of scale. That's when the size of the business allows it to cut costs. For example, it can lower the per unit cost by buying in bulk.
Rate , accept, cough and eat
Examples of Jim Crow Laws - Oct. 1960 - Civil Rights
The Jackson Sun - 2001
From the 1880s into the 1960s, a majority of American states enforced segregation through "Jim Crow" laws (so called after a black character in minstrel shows). From Delaware to California, and from North Dakota to Texas, many states (and cities, too) could impose legal punishments on people for consorting with members of another race. The most common types of laws forbade intermarriage and ordered business owners and public institutions to keep their black and white clientele separated. Here is a sampling of laws from various states.
Alabama
Arizona
Florida
Georgia
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maryland
Mississippi
Missouri
New Mexico
North Carolina
Oklahoma
South Carolina
Texas
Virginia
Wyoming
