1answer.
Ask question
Login Signup
Ask question
All categories
  • English
  • Mathematics
  • Social Studies
  • Business
  • History
  • Health
  • Geography
  • Biology
  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Computers and Technology
  • Arts
  • World Languages
  • Spanish
  • French
  • German
  • Advanced Placement (AP)
  • SAT
  • Medicine
  • Law
  • Engineering
Crank
3 years ago
15

Explain musclecontraction based on neuroelectrical factors, chemical interactions, and energy sources.

Medicine
1 answer:
USPshnik [31]3 years ago
8 0

Answer:

Neuroelectrical Factor

1. Potassium ions (K+) are greater inside the muscle cell than outside, whereas sodium ions (Na+) are greater outside than inside.

2. The inside of the cell is negatively charged electrically, whereas the outside is postively charged.

3. Nerve impulse reaching a neuromuscular junction causes axon endings to release the neurotransmitter acetylcholine

4. This makes the cell membrane permeable to Na+. They rush in creating an electrical potential. K+ begin to move out to try to restore the resting potential but cannot do so because so much Na+ rushes in.

5. This causes the muscle cell to generate its own impulse called the action potential, which penetrates deep into the muscle fiber via the T tubules

6. This action potential causes the sarcoplasmic reticulum to release Ca+ into the fluids surrounding the myofibrils

7. The Ca++ stops the action of the inhibitor substances troponin and tropomyosin (which kept actin and myosin apart), thus causing the contractile process to occur.

Chemical Factor

1. Ca++ combines loosely with myosin to form activated myosin

2. Activated myosin reacts with ATP, attached to the myosin, and releases energy from the ATP to form actomyosin

3. Myosin filaments have cross bridges that now connect with the actin and pull the actin filaments in among the myosin filaments

4. A sliding process occurs: the width of the A bands remain constant but Z lines move close. By now the sodium-potassium pump kicks in to restore the resting potential. Ca++ gets reabsorbed and contraction ceases

Energy Sources ATP

1. Glycolysis: glucose to pyruvic acid, net gain eight ATP if O2 present, if no O2 then lactic acid forms with net gain of two ATP.

2. Krebs citric acid cycle: pyruvic to CO2 + H2O + 30 ATP (28 ATP + 2 GTP)

3. Phosphocreatine in muscle cells: phosphocreatine --- creatine + PO4 ---ATP

4. Free fatty acids: fatty acids --- CO2 + H2O + ATP

Explanation:

You might be interested in
A patient has impacted ear wax in their external auditory canal . What sensory disorder do they have
WINSTONCH [101]

Answer:

tinnitus, conductive hearing loss and aural fullness.

Explanation:

8 0
2 years ago
9. What advantage is there to having "blind" subjects in an experiment?
Brums [2.3K]

Answer:

There is no subject bias because they do not know which group they belong to.

Explanation:

4 0
3 years ago
In a case-control study of obesity and adult-onset asthma, controls are matched to cases on the basis of race and gender.
Bess [88]

Answer: d. Confounding

Explanation:

In the context of a scientific study such as this one, a confounding factor is one that has influence on both the exposure and event variable(s), which may lead to over- or underestimation of the direct relationship between them (if any).

For instance: In this example, researchers may have had reason to believe that male gender is associated with both higher risk of obesity (the exposure variable) and adult-onset asthma (the event variable). If gender is not taken into account, one may claim that the finding of an association between obesity and asthma is simply an artifact due to the high proportion of male patients (likely to present with both). <em>Controlling</em> for that variable (such as by matching, as in this example) allows researchers to test for this hypothesis.

7 0
3 years ago
How to get rid of the flu? I will mark him as branliest please tell I am giving 25 points
zalisa [80]

Flu is primarily treated with rest and fluid intake to allow the body to fight the infection on its own. Paracetamol may help cure the symptoms but NSAIDs should be avoided. An annual vaccine can help prevent the flu and limit its complications.

7 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
A nursing assistant enters the patient's room while the physician is examining a patient who had surgery the day
Savatey [412]
The nursing assistant needs to know how the patient ambulates or transfers. She would need to have the dr put transfer orders in and the check with the RN to clarify.
6 0
3 years ago
Other questions:
  • Which BEST describes chemotherapy drugs?
    9·1 answer
  • Contraceptive sponges should not be used using menstruation.
    5·1 answer
  • A nursing assistant is providing emergency care while waiting for the EMS provider to arrive. He notices a deep wound on the vic
    5·1 answer
  • Many people who are in favor of alternative medicine claim that large doses of vitamin C introduced into a vein speed up the hea
    12·1 answer
  • Who u like the most
    14·1 answer
  • Why is Leonardo DaVinci's work Important for those interested in body mechanics?
    8·1 answer
  • Studying how the brain helps a person see is
    12·2 answers
  • Sandra Aamodt: Why Dieting Doesn't Usually Work
    5·1 answer
  • A client with tuberculosis is being started on antituberculosis therapy with isoniazid. Before giving the client the first dose,
    13·1 answer
  • systems that collect and monitor patient physiological data and record the information are known as .
    11·1 answer
Add answer
Login
Not registered? Fast signup
Signup
Login Signup
Ask question!