Answer:
President Jackson had appointed John Eaton Secretary of War.
Explanation:
Friends of Jackson had counseled him not to make the appointment because of Eaton's scandalous association with Peggy. He ignored all the warnings. With her marriage to John, Peggy Eaton entered the highest society in America of the Cabinet social circle.
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It was Hernando Cortes , aka Hernán Cortés
The answer is 2: to increase the amount of land available for agriculture.
Reason:
If I remember correctly from Geography last year that is called terrace farming. Common practice in hilly areas where you would be unable to plant crops. Instead, they flatten that out and have “steps” that gives them flat land to grow crops, often rice.