Answer:
The energy that these molecules carry is stored in a bond that holds a single atom to the molecule. For ATP, it is a phosphate atom, and for NADPH, it is a hydrogen atom.
These electrons are used to produce NADPH as well as ATP in a series of reactions called the light reactions because they require light. NADPH and ATP formed by the action of light then reduce carbon dioxide and convert it into 3-phosphoglycerate by a series of reactions called the Calvin cycle or the dark reactions.
Transport proteins (carrier proteins and channel proteins) allow substances into and out of the cell that cannot pass through the phospholipid bilayer (as they’re either to large, charged or not lipid soluble) by facilitated diffusion.
Specifically channel proteins allow ions into and out of the cell by creating a pore in the membrane in which they can move through with their concentration gradient
Answer:
Dynamic Systems Biology Modeling and Simuation consolidates and unifies classical and contemporary multiscale methodologies for mathematical modeling and computer simulation of dynamic biological systems – from molecular/cellular, organ-system, on up to population levels.
Explanation:
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Abnormal cellular growth is caused by DNA mutations that divide in a much higher rate than normal
