- The subnet mask would be a 32-bit integer which is formed by assigning the host bits to all 0's and the networking bits to so many 1's.
- In this method, the subnetting separates the IP address between host and network addresses.
- The subnet mask covers an IP address with its 32-bit number, thus the term "mask".
Given:
Network IP address
Subnet numbers
Calculating the borrow bits:

a)
Calculating the dotted decimal value for the subnet mask:

b)
The additional bits which will be needed to mask the subnet mask that is = 4.
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The answer is the alu arithmetic logic unit.
chkdsk is a utility that you use to check for bad sectors on a hard drive , as far as how to run it you open the start menu go to your run bar and type chkdsk then follow the instruction on the screen .