Answer:
mutation rates can be used to design molecular clocks in order to estimate divergence times among species
Explanation:
In evolutionary biology, the substitution rates (also known as mutation rates) are used for the development of 'molecular clocks' which allow estimating the divergence times among species or among taxonomic groups. Molecular clocks can be designed by estimating the divergence rate of nucleotide sequences (either DNA or RNA) and amino acid (protein) sequences. These substitution rates can also be used to track how quickly viruses evolve (for example, in a pandemic situation).
Magnetism is a class of physical phenomena that are mediated by magnetic fields. Electric currents and the magnetic moments of elementary particles give rise to a magnetic field, which acts on other currents and magnetic moments.The Earth's magnetic field is somewhat caused by the composition of the earth's core which is rich in iron minerals. There is a solid inner core that is made of iron which makes up to 2/3 of the moon's size. The charged metal of the iron produces electric currents, consequently resulting to Earth's magnetic field.
Answer:
Dmitri Ivanovsky
Explanation:
Dmitri Ivanovsky utilized one of these filters in 1892 to demonstrate that despite being filtered, sap from a diseased tobacco plant remained infectious to healthy tobacco plants. The filtered, infectious substance was dubbed a "virus" by Martinus Beijerinck, and this discovery is regarded as the origin of virology.
Answer:
Assimilation
Explanation:
Plant roots absorb ammonium ions and nitrate ions in the process of assimilation to use these ions to make molecules like <em>DNA, amino acids, and proteins</em>.
Animals cannot absorb these ions directly; hence they need to consume these plants for the nutrient supplies.
The process is called photosynthesis and it takes place in the chloroplast of a plant cell
