Answer:
Humoral immunity includes the B-cells.
Explanation:
There are two types of adaptive immunity responses. 1) cell mediated which possess of T cells
2) humoral immunity which possess of B-cells.
Humoral immunity is directed primarily against 1) toxin mediated diseases 2) certain viruses 3) infections in which virulence is related to polysaccharide capsules and to opsonize bacteria.
Role of B-cells in humoral immunity is
1) They differentiate into plasma cells and produce anitbodies
2) They are anitgen producing cells
B-cells are produced in fetal liver and in adukt life in bone marrow.
Later they are matured and undergoes through the process of clonal deletion as well.
The nurse should assess an older adult's blood urea nitrogen and creatinine clearance levels to determine the patient's excretion function.
<h3>What are kidney function tests?</h3>
Kidney function tests are urine or blood tests that evaluate how well your kidneys are working. Most of these tests measure glomerular filtration rate (GFR). GFR assesses how efficiently your kidneys clear waste from your system.
Blood tests for kidney function, includes:
- Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) measures nitrogen (made from protein breakdown) in your blood.
- Estimated GFR (eGFR) calculates filtration rates based on your protein levels, age, gender, size and race.
- Serum creatinine looks for the buildup of creatinine, a waste product from muscle tissue breakdown.
Urine tests for kidney function, includes:
- Microalbuminuria looks for a specific protein called albumin.
- Urinalysis evaluates your urine for blood, proteins and function.
Kidney function test results can tell you whether your kidneys are functioning typically or not. Most function tests look for two measurements:
- GFR of less than 60 could indicate kidney disease.
- Urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) of more than 30 milligrams per gram could be a warning sign of kidney disease.
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Answer:
أنا لا أرى ما هو تحته خط
Explanation:
for anyone that does not know this is arabic
The nurse is caring for a client who is being prepared for the placement of a central intravenous line. the nurse recognizes this client requires this type of intravenous access because the Catheter must always be flushed every day to prevent clotting and keep it clear of blood.
<h3>Healthcare </h3>
Healthcare can simply be defined as an organized medical care given to a person, organization or even a community either by a doctor, nurse or any other licensed healthcare professional
However, healthcare-associated Infections, are those infections patients can get during their treatment for another condition due to bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other pathogens.
And for a good reason, the fundamental purpose of healthcare is to enhance healthy living and quality of life by giving quality healthcare services.
So therefore, the central catheter must always be flushed every day to prevent clotting and keep it clear of blood.
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Answer:
the pancreas can't keep up, and the blood sugars stay high.??
Explanation:
hope this helped
