Answer:
Nutrients are grouped into macronutrients and micronutrients. Carbohydrates, proteins, fats and water are macronutrients, and vitamins and minerals are micronutrients. Although most foods are mixtures of nutrients, many of them contain a lot of one nutrient and a little of the other nutrients.There are six major nutrients: Carbohydrates (CHO), Lipids (fats), Proteins, Vitamins, Minerals, Water.
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They all work in the digestive system and they all play a role in the digestive system
I think it’s number 2 but I could be wrong, I know 1,3, and maybe 4 are in living things
Answer:
the pathway will be under-expressed.
- the alpha subunit helps to bind with either GDP or GTP. when the α subunit is bound with GDP, it will be bound to β and γ subunits and thus forms an inactive state for G-protein.
- when the alpha subunit binds with the GTP, it becomes activated and dissociates β and γ subunits.
if G-protein Coupled Receptor is unable from dissociating β and γ subunits, then the pathway will go under expression.
The chemical qualities of the alpha subunit allow it to bind easily to one of two guanine subunits, GDP or GTP. The protein thus has two functional formations. When GDP is bound to the alpha subunit, the alpha subunit remains bound to the beta-gamma subunit to form an inactive trimeric protein.
G-proteins, cAMP, and Ion Channel Opening. The alpha subunit activates adenylate cyclase, in purple, and loses GTP. Adenylate cyclase converts ATP to cyclic AMP, which then activates Protein Kinase, shown in blue. Protein Kinase phosphorylates an ion channel, letting sodium ions rush into the cell.
As a result of the ligand binding to its site on the G-protein-linked receptor, A) the G-protein changes conformation and GTP replaces the GDP on the alpha subunit. ... Inactivation of the alpha subunit occurs when its own phosphorylase activity removes a phosphate from the GTP.
In rheumatoid Arthritis patients, NK cell levels were abnormally elevated, possibly due to high serum levels of IL-2.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), is an autoimmune disease that means our own immune system attacks self healthy cells in the body by mistake, causing inflammation (painful swelling),mainly attacks the joints.
The given study is to investigate the relationship between serum interleukin-2 (IL-2) levels and disease activity.
This study also showed the relationship between absolute numbers of peripheral lymphocyte subsets, autoantibodies, and associated cytokines in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
The results showed that the number and percentage of NK cells were positively correlated with serum IL-2 levels so, IL-2 can be a reason for elevated level of NK cells
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