explain the concept of mutation and how mutations can translate to a loss or gain of function in an organism

1 answer:

6 0

A mutation is a change in a DNA sequence. Mutations can result from DNA copying mistakes made during cell division, exposure to ionizing radiation, exposure to chemicals called mutagens, or infection by viruses. Germ line mutations occur in the eggs and sperm and can be passed on to offspring, while somatic mutations occur in body cells and are not passed on.

Recessive mutations inactivate the affected gene and lead to a loss of function. For instance, recessive mutations may remove part of or all the gene from the chromosome, disrupt expression of the gene, or alter the structure of the encoded protein, thereby altering its function.

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Part B:

The process 1 is meiosis. The process 3 is development by mitosis.

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Letter A and B are incorrect because the poly-A tail and guanine cap are added to the 3’ and 5’ end respectively. They aid in translation of the mRNA, while serving as protection. The poly-A tail is repeated adenine nucleotides, while the guanine cap is a modified guanine nucleotide.

Letter C is incorrect because alternative splicing is one mechanism for generating variation, and is thought to be one of the reasons for why humans have smaller genomes than other organisms and still maintain high complexity. Alternative splicing is incredibly important because it produces more than one transcript from a pre-mRNA.

Letter D is incorrect because introns are the non coding portions of the mRNA. They are excised to make a smaller mRNA transcript, and one that contains all the protein genes.

This letter E is the correct answer, because exons are the coding portions of the mRNA, and are not excised during RNA processing.

Hope that helped! If I made a mistake, please let me know.

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