In practice it is enough to simply angle the thermometer towards the direction of the ear canal. More specifically you are trying to target the direction of the tympanic membrane located in the middle ear (one of the parts of the ear; the other parts being outer and inner)
Some maneuvers, although not completely necessary, may include pulling the ear lobe upwards and outwards for babies. This is to straighten the ear canal and is more often done when using otoscopes. For adults, we pull the ear downward and outward.
Answer:
One of the factors for the development of pyelonephritis, in addition to E. coli, is urinary retention and reflux (option a).
Explanation:
Pyelonephritis is an infection of the upper urinary tract caused by bacteria in the urine, such as Escherichia coli.
Under normal conditions, urine in the urinary bladder is aseptic, that is, without bacteria. The presence of bacteria in the urine indicates a urinary infection.
Urinary retention is the limitation of the expulsion of urine from the bladder. This promotes:
- <em>An increase in the amount of bacteria present in the bladder.
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- <em>The pressure generated by urine retention causes the bladder to generate a retrograde flow - reflow - towards the ureters, leading the bacteria to the kidneys.
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The result of urinary retention and reflux - when bacteria are present - is an infection in the upper urinary tract, called pyelonephritis.
Learn more:
Urinary tract infection brainly.com/question/4756206
