The right answer is: The antibodies mistakenly identify the cells as foreign material.
The role of an antibody is to recognize a foreign antigen in order to neutralize it. They can achieve this thanks to the great specificity of their paratope, which recognizes only a very precise part of the antigen: the epitope. As soon as an antibody recognizes an epitope, the B lymphocyte that codes for that specific antibody multiplies and matures in order to synthesize the same antibodies, useful in large quantities.
The phenomenon described in the question is an autoimmunity mediated by autoantibodies.
An autoantibody is an antibody produced by the immune system and directed against one or more proteins of the individual himself
Many autoimmune diseases are due to the presence of these autoantibodies, but the presence of autoantibodies is not necessarily synonymous with such a disease.
Some scientists say that they could have a beneficial role in cleaning up cell debris resulting from a disease.
The way in which these autoantibodies are produced, their precise role, and the reason why they decrease in individuals with certain diseases, are all issues that remain unresolved.
The answers i got are in blue, if one value of x has more than one value of y it is not a function, otherwise it is
It is soil after wind for example wind storm causes to soil erosion
Active transport;
The movement of particles would be most affected by a disorder that causes damage to carrier proteins is the active transport.
Explanation;
Active transport involves the movement of materials against the concentration gradient.
This type of transport requires energy in form of ATP to aid the movement of particles from a lower concentration to a higher concentration.
Active transport requires carrier proteins such as the sodium-Potassium pump, to move materials in and out of the cell.
Answer:
There is no actual way that the mantle could be...'exposed' or 'seen'. But scientists have managed to find multiple ways to analyze the mantle and it's actual existence by using multiple devices. The mantle is basically a 2,900 kilometers (1,802 miles) thick blocks of rocks and minerals underneath the crust(or the surface of the earth) , and makes up a whopping 84% of Earth's total volume.
