There were lots of foreign changes that presented challenges for the US. I'll give you a few examples from different time periods. First would be when England wanted to tax the Americans in the Revolutionary period. They did this to try and restrict America's freedom. Another example would be that Russia had spies during the cold war period. This was to gain intelligence of the US war plans. Also when Germany sent the Zimmerman Telegram to Mexico during the WWII period. This was to get Mexico to launch a surprise attack on the US.
He called them literally "Herrenrasse" in German, which can be translated to "master race", or "race of the lords", and was understood as a race superior to others
Scarcity<span> is the fundamental challenge confronting all individuals and nations. We all face limitations... so we all have to make choices. We can't always get what we want. How we deal with these limitations—that is, how we prioritize and allocate our limited income, time, and resources—is the basic economic challenge that has confronted individuals and nations throughout history.
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Laissez-faire or free market capitalism
Free trade with no regulations was encouraged by industrialization. Industrialization is built quickly with no regulation and the opportunity to invest and create industry at the pace and policy of the corporations.