I believe it is Surface tension and Adhesion
I don't know the answers to the question i'm sorry..
Erthyrocytes you can look this stuff up
Moth larvae eats leaves of the plant. It is an herbivore, a primary consumer in food chain. The primary consumer occupies the second trophic level in owl's ecosystem. The moth larvae in turn is eaten by small bird, a secondary consumer. Thus small bird occupies the third trophic level. Small bird is eaten by an owl, a top consumer that occupies fourth trophic level.
Answer:
It is an example of frequency-dependent selection. Due to several cheaters in the population, the fruiting body's stalk is not made properly. So, all individuals have lesser fitness.
Explanation:
Natural selection:
The population contains both superior as well as an inferior organism where natural resources are limiting so it will cause competition between organisms. As a result of competition, it will select superiors, and inferiors are deleted and they are given reproductive advantages. Due to this reproductive advantage new population emerges. It is more suitable for the environment.
Natural selection divides into three parts that are directional, disruptive, and stabilizing selection.
The given question is the example of frequency-dependent selection. Due to several cheaters in the population, the fruiting body's stalk is not made properly. So, all individuals have lesser fitness. Directional selection will not lead to fixation of cheater genotype. This is because cheating can be controlled through high relatedness in social groups, resulting from kin discrimination.
It is controlled through positive pleiotropy, where the cooperation gene has an additional vital function. Cheating will be controlled if stalk vs. spore is a result of environmental, not genetic factors. An example, spore fate can be a result of the position in the mitotic cell cycle.
Answer:
the temperature of the earths surface would be unable to fluctuate.
Explanation:
