The answer is A, cause/effect. Marcia is focusing on how the war started, what ended it, and how it affected America. Cause/effect covers all these things, while the other answers either skip over these things completely or concentrate on only a few.
Displease comfort
Deny offer
Force volunteer
I’m not positive on the others though, sry
You seem to have every kind of verb form present in this selection. I'm going to list them all and what they do.
being blind: It is a participle and it is a participle phrase. But is it an adjective?
was is a linking verb for the main clause. It is not a candidate at all.
set is the predicate of the subordinate clause beginning with except not a candidate.
stood second main clause predicate verb.
gazed a verb form for the main clause.
had died. Main clause verb. Not the answer.
having been long enclosed is close. Unfortunately it is a gerund phrase which is an object of a preposition (from). It likely is the second best answer.
hung main clause verb.
found main clause verb
The rest don't matter they are linking verbs or main clause verbs or subordinate clause verbs.
The only one you really could choose is being blind. It describes street.
One possible theme could be “how a person is affected by growing older”. Shakespeare compares old age to the seasonal shift. The narrator also describes how aging is harsh and ultimately comes to see its inevitability. Hope this helps!