Probable cause. An officer has reason to believe that a crime may be comitted. (physical evidence, observations, statements, video/audio.)
Searches. Officers are only allowed to do a pat down (terry search, frisk) as a protective measure. They can do a full search if a suspect is taken into custody.
4th amendment protects against unreasonable search and seizures.
When a suspect is being questioned (for incriminating information) they must be read their Miranda rights before proceeding. Basic questions are allowed. ("How are you doing?").
Abuse of police authority could be requesting to see an ID when there is no probable cause.
They hold powerful positions and can get others to do what they want
Answer:
Negative effects of the Mongol Empire's expansion into Western europe, East Asia, include the wiping out of people that resisted given the violent nature of their invasions.
Positive effects include a century of peace those under under Mongol rule. This stability allowed for the reopening of the Silk Road trading routes between China and Europe, increasing cultural exchange and wealth all along the trade paths including Western Africa, East Asia and Europe.
Answer:
Jackson allegedly defied the Supreme Court over Worcester v. Georgia (1832), announcing, “John Marshall has made his decision now let him enforce it.” The case revolved around Georgia's attempt to apply state laws to Cherokee lands.
Explanation:
<em>I hope u get it right!</em>
