Answer:
Positive externality
Negative externality
positive externality
negative externality
Explanation:
A good has positive externality if the benefits to third parties not involved in production is greater than the cost. an example of an activity that generates positive externality is research and development. Due to the high cost of R & D, they are usually under-produced. Government can encourage the production of activities that generate positive externality by granting subsidies.
A good has negative externality if the costs to third parties not involved in production is greater than the benefits. an example of an activity that generates negative externality is pollution. Pollution can be generated at little or no cost, so they are usually overproduced. Government can discourage the production of activities that generate negative externality by taxation. Taxation increases the cost of production and therefore discourages overproduction. Tax levied on externality is known as Pigouvian tax.
Government can regulate the amount of externality produced by placing an upper limit on the amount of negative externality permissible
Answer:
A. - 3.51 %
B. -1.1%
Explanation:
From the information given:
the S&P 500 was down 2.7 % today relative to the risk-free rate
the market's excess return was - 2.7 %
A)
If Zynga beta = 1.3
what is your best guess as to Zynga's excess return.
The best guess to Zynga's excess return = Zynga beta × Market Excess Return
The best guess to Zynga's excess return = 1.3 × (- 2.7%)
The best guess to Zynga's excess return = −3.51 %
B.
If Proctor and Gamble beta is 0.4,
What is your best guess as to P&G excess return today?Round answer to one decimal place
The best guess as to P&G excess return today = Proctor and Gamble beta × Market Excess return
The best guess as to P&G excess return today = 0.4 ×(- 2.7%)
The best guess as to P&G excess return today = -1.08%
The best guess as to P&G excess return today = -1.1% to one decimal rate.
Answer: vertical analysis
Explanation:
Vertical analysis is when each item on a financial statement is compared with a total amount from the same statement.
Vertical analysis refers to a financial statement analysis method whereby each line item in a statement is listed as a percentage of the base figure. In such case, each amount in the income statement will then be restated as a percentage of sales.
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<span>This can also be termed as "Unfair limitation" and it is the term used to portray boundaries that keep ladies and minorities from progressing to administration positions in big companies and associations. The expression was first utilised around 1985 or 1986.</span>