Answer: There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves originating from the nuclei in the inferior surface of the brain, some sensory, some motor and some mixed. The following disorders are associated with the cranial nerves as arranged below with its explanations.
Explanation:
1.) Blindness: This is caused by damage to the Optic nerve ( that is, cranial nerve II ).
2.) Corneal reflex is absent: This is caused by damage to trigeminal and facial nerve ( that is, cranial nerve V and VII).
3.) Difficulty turning the eye inferior and lateral: This is caused by damage to the abducent ( that is, the cranial nerve VI).
4.) Inability to laterally rotate the eye: This is caused by damage to hypoglossal nerve( that is, the cranial nerve XII)
5.) Inability to maintain balance and equilibrium: This is caused by damage to the
vestibulocochlear nerve ( that is the cranial nerve VIII)
6) Inability to pucker the lips: This is caused by damage to facial nerve.
7.) Inability to smell: This is caused by damage to olfactory nerve ( that is, cranial nerve 1)
8.) Inability to taste bitter (sensed by posterior taste buds of the tongue): This is caused by damage to the Vagus nerve ( that is , cranial nerve X).
9.) Pupillary reflexes are absent: This is caused by damage to oculomotor and optic nerve.
10.) Soft palate droops on one side: this is caused by damage to vagus and glossopharyngeal nerve.
11.) Tongue deviates to one side when it is stuck out of the mouth: This is caused by damage to hypoglossal nerve.
12.) Weakness in elevation of the scapula: This is caused by damage to accessory (spinal accessory nerve.)
