Question

A)Using an example explain how enzyme and habitation exploited to control human diseases

Answer 1

Answer:

A. Rifampicin is an example of an enzyme inhibiting drug, since it acts on the bacterial RNA polymerase, preventing the transcription and synthesis of proteins, so the bacteria is not viable and a human disease is controlled.

B. The drugs have specificity by microorganisms —target organisms— which are also smaller and more susceptible, while their effect is minimal or null in human cells and are not poisonous for them.

Explanation:

Bacteria, viruses, parasites and pathogenic fungi are microorganisms capable of producing disease in humans. One of the ways to fight infectious diseases is the use of drugs called antibiotics, capable of interfering with the development of microorganisms.

Antibiotics or antibacterials are capable of preventing the synthesis of the bacterial wall or its reproduction, intervening in the synthesis of proteins. They do this through enzymatic inhibition of these processes.

1. Rifampicin is a drug capable of coupling itself to one of the sub-units of the RNA polymerase enzyme, changing its configuration and preventing its affinity for its substrate, the bacterial DNA. Rifampicin thus prevents the synthesis of proteins necessary for the development of the bacterium, which dies and thus manages to control an infectious disease.
2. Drugs such as antibiotics act on specific bacterial functions —their target organism— by affecting the functions that allow them to live that allow them to live, as if they were poisoned. These same drugs have little or no effect on human cells when administered in appropriate doses.                                                                                                       The few effects that are observed in human cells are not sufficient to kill them, but they do produce effects or secondary reactions, usually called adverse effects.