So let's call the allele that is dominant for purple stems is P, and the recessive allele yielding green stems is p. And let's say that the allele that is dominant for red fruit is R and the recessive allele for yellow fruit is r.

The two plants are each heterozygour for both traits, meaning that the cross is going to be:

PpRr x PpRr

So let's setup a Punnet Square:

$\left[\begin{array}{ccccc}&PR&Pr&pR&pr&PR&PPRR&PPRr&PpRR\4&PpRr&Pr&PPRr&PPrr&PpRr&Pprr\\pR&PpRR&PpRr&ppRR&ppRr&pr&PpRr&Pprr&ppRr&pprr\end{array}\right]$

The genotypic ratios (alleles) and phenotypic ratios are as follows:

PPRR (Purple stem, Red fruit): $\frac{1}{16}$

PpRR (Purple stem, Red fruit): $\frac{2}{16}$ or $\frac{1}{8}$

ppRR (Green Stem, Red fruit): $\frac{1}{16}$

PPRr (Purple stem, Red fruit): $\frac{2}{16}$ or $\frac{1}{8}$

PPrr (Purple stem, Yellow fruit): $\frac{1}{16}$

PpRr (Purple stem, Red fruit): $\frac{4}{16}$ or $\frac{1}{4}$

pprr (Green stem, Yellow fruit): $\frac{1}{16}$

ppRr (Green stem, Red fruit): $\frac{2}{16}$ or $\frac{1}{8}$

Pprr (Purple stem, Yellow fruit): $\frac{2}{16}$ or $\frac{1}{8}$

So then we take the like phenotypic ratios and add them together:

Purple stem, Red fruit: $\frac{1}{16} +\frac{2}{16} +\frac{2}{16} +\frac{4}{16}=\frac{9}{16}$

Green stem, Red fruit: $\frac{1}{16}+ \frac{2}{16} =\frac{3}{16}$

Purple stem, Yellow fruit: $\frac{1}{16}+ \frac{2}{16} =\frac{3}{16}$

Green stem, Yellow fruit: $\frac{1}{16}$

6 0

3 years ago

how do you think living systems, such as sea stars, carry out life functions and respond to changes in their environment

pychu [463]

Answer:

Sea stars carry out life functions in diverse -and unique- ways (read below) and are able to respond to environmental changes through adaptations such as temperature regulation.

Explanation:

Sea stars are invertebrate organisms that belong to the Phylum Echinodermata and are adapted to life in the ocean. They carry out life functions in diverse kind of ways. Here are some examples:

Limb regeneration: they are known for the impressive ability to regenerate their limbs, which they accomplish because almost all of their vital organs are located in the arms.
Feeding: sea stars are generally carnivorous creatures. They use their suction-cupped feet to open clams, mussels, and oysters. On the other hand, there are some species that prefer to feed on detritus or organic matter.
Locomotion: these organisms are able to move thanks to their water vascular system, as they do not possess a circulatory system. Water circulates throughout their body into their feet, allowing it to extend and move.

Response to environmental changes:

According to new research evidence, these marine creatures possess unique adaptations that are extremely helpful in regard to environmental changes. They are able to regulate their own temperature during changing tides. During high tides, sea stars absorb cold water that is later used when temperatures are too hot due to warm water and sunlight. This adaptation is crucial to respond to environmental changes such as climate change.

8 0

3 years ago