Question

What Citizens United has done is shift the structure of the political market in favor of small donors and causes. One recent study, by the legal scholars Douglas Spencer and Abby Wood, found that after the ruling_____

Answer 1

The recent study, by the legal scholars Douglas Spencer and Abby Wood, found that after the ruling  independent expenditures increased in all states.

Explanation:

A recent study which was held by the legal scholars "Douglas Spencer and Abby Wood", found that after the ruling that the independent expenditures have increased in all the states, such as Michigan, Ohio, Iowa and many more, where the effect was twice as large when compared to the other states, where the union and corporate independent expenditures were previously banned.

They also said that the campaign's history would make politics more polarized. The new rules will lead to a more powerful economy, and fiscal responsibility, and would lead to an emergence of new political actors and coalitions that will lead to a new US  political system.