The correct answer in my opinion would be that D is the most important factor here. But this question is quite tricky.
We can surely say for example that literature, organized schools and a hierarchy of priests are not something that constitute a civilization. Organized schools appeared to late, not every civilization had literature and having only a hierachy of priests is not enough to say you have a civilizaton.
Labor has been divided in pre-civilization hunter-gatherer societies as well.
For that reason I'd say the correct answer is D - more food than is needed for survival. Having this, the people in a certain group can focus on other things.
Lack of people able to run the court
Answer:
My best guess, the zagros mountains itd be isolation and protection...the same for the Syrian desert. the Taurus mountains look like they have a river running through them so it could be isolation and protection, or isolation and irrigation.....(wouldn't isolation in turn mean protection??) I would think so....so I'd go with isolation and irrigation if it were me.
the Tigres and Euphrates would bother provide irrigation and transportation and trade as they have large rivers running through them
