Question

Write out the steps in the Central Dogma. List where each step occurs in the cell. For each arrow, name the process that the arrow represents and the primary enzyme (complex) respon- sible for completing that step. Name the step(s) in which mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA have a role and briefly describe the role of each in the step(s) you name.

Answer 1

Answer:

1. The Central Dogma refers to the molecular process by which the DNA is converted into proteins using RNA as intermediate, i.e., DNA (Transcription)-> RNA (Translation) -> Protein.  

2. Localization:

Transcription: within the cell nucleus (in eukaryotic organisms)

Translation: cytoplasm

3. Enzymes :

Transcription: RNA polymerase

Translation: Peptidyl transferase

Explanation:

Transcription is the process by which a segment of DNA (called gene) is used as template to synthesize a messenger RNA (mRNA) by using a specific RNA polymerase enzyme. During translation, this mRNA travels from the cell nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm, where this sequence (mRNA) is used as template to synthesize a protein. The ribosomes are organelles composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecules which direct the catalytic steps of protein synthesis, while transference RNAs (tRNAs) are molecules that act as adaptors which link the mRNA template with the corresponding amino acids being incorporated into the protein. The enzyme peptidyl transferase catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids.