Top-down effects imply control through predation, including fishery, while
bottom-up effects imply control through food abundance, often thought to be driven by climate or nutrient load.
<h3>What is Top down regulation ?</h3>
The top-down effect refers to a higher trophic level influences the community structure of a lower trophic level through predation.
<h3>What is Bottom up regulation ?</h3>
The bottom-up effect means that a lower trophic level in the biological network affects the community structure of higher trophic levels by means of resource restriction
Learn more about Top down and bottom up regulation here:
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Students hypothesized that adding lactose to a sixth test tube would produce the greatest amount of carbon dioxide.
This is because lactose is a sugar molecule that is the food source for the yeast.
Fermentation is a metabolic pathway that occurs anaerobically, meaning in the absence of oxygen (O2). It includes the process of glycolysis with some extra reactions which make alcohol.
practice with people (parents, friends, siblings) and ask them to ask questions during it so you can learn how to keep focus and memorization, or practice in front of stuffed animals. read it out loud on recording, then practice saying it with the recording without the words in front of you. you'll do great! :)
Idk how would I know ask your mom or dad or whatever family or friends you have... if you don’t that’s sad
Answer:
They are adapted for photosynthesis by having a large surface area, and contain openings, called stomata to allow carbon dioxide into the leaf and oxygen out. Although these design features are good for photosynthesis, they can result in the leaf losing a lot of water. The cells inside the leaf have water on their surface. Some of this water evaporates, and the water vapour can then escape from inside the leaf.
