Answer:
The first one is Past Simple and next is Past Perfect. Personality, I think, that the first is better
Answer: You didn't include the article, but I can kind of guess?
Explanation: He believes that all teenagers go through something, and he tells adults to help them, instead of just thinking of them as moody teenagers.
D is your answer as the sentence is in present tense.
Answer: This cant be answered without context. Sorry!
Explanation: Logic