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shtirl [24]
2 years ago
6

In the walls of the heart, two layers of tissue form a sandwich around a thick layer of muscle called the ______________________

.
Biology
1 answer:
Rudiy272 years ago
8 0

Answer:

myocardium

Explanation:

makes up the middle and thickest layer of the heart wall.

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Subatomic particle that determines the identity of the atom ?
Marta_Voda [28]

Protons have a positive charge. The number of protons in a nucleus determines the identity of the atom (element) and this number is called the atomic number.

D. Proton

4 0
3 years ago
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0. Summarize the effects of progesterone and estrogen
tino4ka555 [31]

Answer:

Estrogen and progesterone are both involved in preparing the endometrium for embryo implantation. Estrogen helps to ensure conception by increasing the amount of secretory glands in the uterus. Estrogen also increases blood supply to the endometrium.

Progesterone is crucial for embryo implantation and maintenance of pregnancy. Progesterone also enlarges secretory glands that produce carbohydrates, proteins and mucin that are required for embryo nourishment before implantation. Progesterone stabilizes endometrial muscles to prevent them from contracting during pregnancy.

Explanation:

  • Estrogen and progesterone are steroid hormones of the reproductive system. Estrogen helps in conception whereas progesterone maintains pregnancy.
  • Estrogen is secreted during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle that promotes the growth and maturation of follicles in the ovary.
  • Estrogen also induces oestrous behavior in females.
  • Secreted by the corpus luteum, progesterone is also a steroid hormone, responsible for implantation of the embryo in the uterus.
6 0
3 years ago
Question #2: Hint - may help to use internet searches *
sergey [27]

Answer:

2

Explanation:

Though the effect of ships disappearing over the horizon <em>is </em>due to its spherical shape, it could also be used evidence for objects falling off the "edge" of a flat, planar-shaped earth.

6 0
2 years ago
What are the names of pathogen and vector of disease "Malaria" ?
Katyanochek1 [597]
Malaria is a Parasitic disease with four kinds of pathogen:

Plasmodium Vivax
Plasmodium Ovale
Plasmodium Malariae
Plasmodium Falciparum  [ Most dangerous ]

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Hope this helps!
5 0
3 years ago
The retinoblastoma protein, pRB, is a tumor-suppressor protein that controls the G1/S cell-cycle checkpoint. While pRB is presen
gladu [14]

Answer:

1. pRB phosphorylated: The cell will not remain in G1 phase i.e. it will enter S phase because pRB will be degraded.

2. pRB not phosphorylated: The cell will remain in G1 phase i.e. will not enter S phase because pRB will remain bound to E2F.

3. pRB bound to E2F: The cell will remain in G1 phase i.e. will not enter S phase.

4. pRB not bound to E2F: The cell will not remain in G1 phase i.e. it will enter S phase.

5. E2F bound to DNA: The cell will not remain in G1 phase i.e. it will enter S phase.

6. CDK4 bound to Cyclin D1:  The cell will not remain in G1 phase i.e. it will enter S phase.

Explanation:

Retinoblastoma protein, pRB supresses tumor by regulating cell cycle progression in G1 phase. When a transcription factor known as E2F is bound to pRB the cell remains in G1 phase and did not proceed further to enter S phase. But as soon as pRB becomes phosphorylated, E2F becomes free and causes gene expression of cyclin E and and cyclin A which are required in progression of cell cycle from G1 phase to S phase.

<u>Signaling involved in cell cycle progression from G1 phase to S phase. </u>

When a cell is unstimulated, pRB is bound to E2F but G1 phase specific growth factors induce the expression of cyclin D through Ras-MAP kinase pathway.

Synthesis of cyclin D leads to the activation of CDK-4 which is a serine-threonine kinase. This kinase causes phosphorylation of pRB which results in the degradation of pRB.

Because of degradation of pRB, <u>E2F becomes free</u> and leads to the expression of cyclin E and and cyclin A which are S phase specific cyclins. This is how cell progresses from G1 phase to S phase.

E2F is a transcription factor which causes expression of S phase specific cyclins i.e. cyclin E and and cyclin A. So, E2F bound to DNA will result in cell cycle progression from G1 phase to S phase.

7 0
3 years ago
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