Periodization divides history into discrete, quantified named blocks of time in order to facilitate the study and analysis of history.
I think T'ai-tsu is the person who made Changan his dynasty's capital
I'm not sure what you're asking for but trial courts have original jurisdiction the court of appeals has appellate and the Supreme Court has both. A litigant is a person involved in a lawsuit.
As a true Muslim to qualify for a place in Paradise (Syurga) he/she has to fulfill the following: ... To to preach & practice the teachings as per laid down in the Holy Quran; and to follow the teachings of prophet Muhammad saw through the Hadiths