I think that it if Hinduism. Christianity is more known to worship in churches. Hindus typically have several temples for each of their gods/ goddesses. Muslims (Islam) worship in mosques and Jews worship in synagogues, so it is more than likely Hinduism.
Ok, so obviously, you can tell that A. is not even an answer since his name is Prince Henry which is an English name and the Islamic empire never really reached what is now present-day U.K...B. and D. are wrong because Catholicism was in Spain and the Pope was also in Spain. So your only correct answer is C.
Political parties- Tories and Whigs, Tories were more aristocratic while Whigs chose parliament over crown and more religious toleration
The Cabinet- it was a handful of parliamentary advisers who set policy
The office of the prime minister- leader of the majority in Parliament, later became chief official of British
