<u>Answer:</u>
"Soon after, nation Y increased tariffs on imports of precious metals from country X" indicates retaliatory protectionism.
<u>Explanation:</u>
A policy that prevent and give coverage to domestic industries from external unfair competition is called as "Trade protectionism". Protectionism is a defensive measure which has a political motivation. It does work in the short run.
The four central instruments are quotas, tariffs, subsidies and manipulation of the currency in order to boost the domestic production of goods and services. Protectionism deducts the consumers and workers of low-wage commodities in the developed countries.
Do you want all the answers of all the questions?
No, it is not enforceable because neither party signed any contract.
Answer:
Don't know too much about Law but I can say that M could sue under the common law theory of nuisance.
Explanation:
A nuisance occurs when an offending party acts in a way that interferes with another party's rights to use or enjoy their property. (Im only in 9th grade man I dont know too much but I hope this helps )