Answer & Explanation:
a) a) Mutualistic relationship differs from parasitism because the first one benefits both of the involved organisms. Otherwise, parasitism benefits only one of the organisms and it can harm the host. Therefore, the parasite would have to be smaller than the host and it would be somehow extracting energy from the host.
b) The direction of evolutionary changes would follow some kind of pattern, like coevolution. Therefore, analyzing the phylogenies individually and then contrasting them, would help to understand how the host, as well as the parasite, have been evolving.
c) The phylogeny would also help to understand what changed first, or if they changed together as a result of coevolution.
in the future, doctors and scientists hope to use our genetic information to diagnose, treat, prevent and cure many illnesses. Genes are instructions, which tell your body how to make all the proteins it needs to survive and grow.
Living on land means reptiles can't rely on absorbing oxygen through their skin like amphibians. All reptiles have lungs they use for breathing -- even those who live most of their lives near or in water, such as crocodiles, must surface to breathe. Lungs allow reptiles to venture far away from aquatic environments.
<span>This energy comes from the food we eat. Our bodies digest the food we eat by mixing it with fluids (acids and enzymes) in the stomach. When the stomach digests food, the carbohydrate (sugars and starches) in the food breaks down into another type of sugar, called glucose.
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