Plasmid vectors are used to transmit gene segments. Plasmid vectors are used as "cloning vectors" which are small genetic pieces taken from an organism's cell. These are used for maintaining stability when foreign DNA gets inserted into the cell itself.
Convection currents within the Earths mantel are caused by the rising and falling of magma dies to temperature change. As the magma rises and gets farther and farther from the core, it begins to cool down causing it to sink back down towards the core, this is also how heat, materials, and minerals are transferred within the Earths Mantel.
I hope this helped! :-) :-) :-)
Some genetic mutations can be completely harmless, while others are life-altering. Mutations happen when DNA is copied incorrectly. This causes an irregularity in the DNA. Mutations are permanent changes to genetic material that can be passed on to offspring. These changes happen randomly and can occur in any type of gene. While some mutations are not harmful (hazel eyes, for example), many mutations have harmful effects on health.
Population a group of same species living together