Creole nationalists wanted an end to control by European powers. That goal was facilitated when French Emperor Napoleon seized control of Spain and Portugal, breaking the chain of control from the Spanish and Portuguese kings to the local governors. Allegiance to the Napoleonic states was rejected, and increasingly the creoles demanded independence. They sought to overthrow the "peninsulars"--the temporary officials sent from the motherland to impose control. They achieved it after civil wars 1808-1826.
The statement that most accurately describes the practice of people who took part in the Oracle Bone ritual is that "They believed in worshipping their ancestors.
